1. What is Lambda (λ)?

Lambda (λ) is the air-fuel equivalence ratio that compares the actual air-fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. It's a key parameter in combustion analysis and emissions control, particularly in automotive applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Lambda equation:

Where:

• \( AF \) — Actual air-fuel ratio
• \( AFS \) — Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio

Explanation: Lambda values indicate whether a mixture is rich (λ < 1), stoichiometric (λ = 1), or lean (λ > 1).

3. Importance of Lambda Calculation

Details: Lambda calculation is crucial for optimizing combustion efficiency, reducing emissions, and ensuring proper engine performance in automotive and industrial applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter both actual air-fuel ratio and stoichiometric ratio as positive values. Both values must be greater than zero for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the ideal Lambda value?
A: For complete combustion, the ideal Lambda value is 1.0 (stoichiometric), though some engines may operate slightly lean or rich for specific performance characteristics.

Q2: How does Lambda relate to emissions?
A: Lambda values significantly impact emissions. Rich mixtures (λ < 1) produce more CO and HC, while lean mixtures (λ > 1) can produce more NOx emissions.

Q3: What are typical stoichiometric ratios?
A: For gasoline, the stoichiometric ratio is approximately 14.7:1. For diesel, it's around 14.6:1, and for natural gas, it's about 17.2:1.

Q4: Can Lambda be used for alternative fuels?
A: Yes, the Lambda concept applies to all fuels, though the stoichiometric ratio varies between different fuel types.

Q5: How is Lambda measured in vehicles?
A: Modern vehicles use oxygen sensors (lambda sensors) in the exhaust system to measure Lambda in real-time and adjust the fuel mixture accordingly.