1. What is Demand Factor?

The Demand Factor is a ratio that represents the relationship between the maximum demand on an electrical system and the total connected load. It helps in determining the actual load requirements and proper sizing of electrical equipment.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Demand Factor formula:

Where:

• Max Demand — The maximum power demand in kilowatts (kW)
• Total Load — The total connected load in kilowatts (kW)

Explanation: The demand factor is always less than or equal to 1, as the maximum demand cannot exceed the total connected load.

3. Importance of Demand Factor Calculation

Details: Calculating demand factor is crucial for electrical system design, helping engineers properly size transformers, conductors, and protective devices while optimizing system efficiency and cost.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter both maximum demand and total load in kilowatts (kW). Both values must be positive numbers, and maximum demand cannot exceed total load.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical demand factor value?
A: Demand factor typically ranges from 0.5 to 0.9, depending on the type of electrical system and load characteristics.

Q2: How is demand factor different from diversity factor?
A: Demand factor relates maximum demand to total connected load, while diversity factor relates the sum of individual maximum demands to the system maximum demand.

Q3: Why is demand factor important in electrical design?
A: It helps prevent over-sizing of electrical equipment, reduces installation costs, and ensures efficient system operation.

Q4: Can demand factor be greater than 1?
A: No, demand factor cannot exceed 1 since maximum demand cannot be greater than the total connected load.

Q5: How does demand factor affect utility billing?
A: Utilities often use demand charges based on maximum demand, making demand factor calculation important for cost optimization.