1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula \( M_2 = M_1 \times \frac{V_1}{V_2} \) calculates the final molarity (M2) after diluting a solution. It's based on the principle that the number of moles of solute remains constant during dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution formula:

Where:

• \( M_1 \) — Initial molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume after dilution (L)
• \( M_2 \) — Final molarity after dilution (mol/L)

Explanation: The formula maintains that the moles of solute before and after dilution remain constant (\( M_1V_1 = M_2V_2 \)).

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry laboratories, pharmaceutical preparations, and various industrial processes where precise concentrations are required.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial molarity in M, initial volume in L, and final volume in L. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the final molarity after dilution.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, as long as you use the same units for both V1 and V2, the units will cancel out in the ratio V1/V2.

Q2: What if I need to find a different variable?
A: The formula can be rearranged to solve for any variable: \( M_1 = M_2 \times \frac{V_2}{V_1} \), \( V_1 = M_2 \times \frac{V_2}{M_1} \), or \( V_2 = M_1 \times \frac{V_1}{M_2} \).

Q3: Does this work for serial dilutions?
A: Yes, for serial dilutions, you would apply the formula sequentially for each dilution step.

Q4: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: This formula assumes ideal behavior and complete mixing. It may not be accurate for very concentrated solutions or when significant volume changes occur due to mixing.

Q5: Can I use this for percent concentration?
A: The same principle applies to percent concentration: \( C_2 = C_1 \times \frac{V_1}{V_2} \), where C is concentration in %.