1. What is End Systolic Volume?

End Systolic Volume (ESV) is the volume of blood remaining in the ventricle at the end of systole (contraction). It is calculated by subtracting stroke volume from end diastolic volume.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the ESV formula:

Where:

• \( ESV \) — End Systolic Volume (mL)
• \( EDV \) — End Diastolic Volume (mL)
• \( SV \) — Stroke Volume (mL)

Explanation: The equation calculates the remaining blood volume in the ventricle after contraction by subtracting the ejected stroke volume from the initial end diastolic volume.

3. Importance of ESV Calculation

Details: ESV is an important parameter in cardiac function assessment. It helps evaluate ventricular function, cardiac efficiency, and is used in calculating ejection fraction.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter EDV and SV values in mL. Both values must be positive numbers, and SV should not exceed EDV for valid calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal ESV range?
A: Normal ESV values typically range from 25-50 mL for the left ventricle, but can vary based on age, gender, and heart size.

Q2: How is ESV related to ejection fraction?
A: Ejection fraction (EF) is calculated as (SV/EDV) × 100% or [(EDV-ESV)/EDV] × 100%, making ESV a crucial component in EF calculation.

Q3: What factors can affect ESV?
A: Contractility, afterload, preload, and myocardial health can all influence ESV. Increased contractility typically decreases ESV.

Q4: How is ESV measured clinically?
A: ESV can be measured using echocardiography, cardiac MRI, or ventriculography during cardiac catheterization.

Q5: What does an increased ESV indicate?
A: Increased ESV may indicate impaired ventricular function, heart failure, or other cardiac conditions affecting contractility.