1. What is End-Systolic Volume (ESV)?

End-Systolic Volume (ESV) is the volume of blood remaining in the ventricle at the end of systole (contraction). It's a key parameter in assessing cardiac function and calculating ejection fraction.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the ESV formula:

Where:

• \( ESV \) — End-Systolic Volume (mL)
• \( EDV \) — End-Diastolic Volume (mL)
• \( SV \) — Stroke Volume (mL)

Explanation: This formula calculates the residual blood volume in the ventricle after contraction by subtracting the stroke volume from the end-diastolic volume.

3. Importance of ESV Calculation

Details: ESV is crucial for determining ejection fraction, assessing ventricular function, and diagnosing various cardiac conditions such as heart failure and valvular diseases.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter EDV and SV values in mL. Both values must be positive numbers, and EDV should be greater than or equal to SV for a valid calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal ESV value?
A: Normal ESV varies by ventricle and individual characteristics, but typically ranges from 25-45 mL for the left ventricle in healthy adults.

Q2: How is ESV related to ejection fraction?
A: Ejection fraction (EF) is calculated as (EDV-ESV)/EDV × 100%. ESV is a key component in this calculation.

Q3: What does an increased ESV indicate?
A: Increased ESV often indicates impaired ventricular contraction and can be a sign of heart failure or other cardiac dysfunction.

Q4: How is ESV measured clinically?
A: ESV is typically measured using echocardiography, cardiac MRI, or ventriculography during cardiac catheterization.

Q5: Can ESV change with exercise?
A: Yes, in healthy individuals, ESV typically decreases with exercise as contractility increases. Failure to decrease may indicate cardiac impairment.