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ESV Formula:
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End-systolic volume (ESV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of contraction, or systole, and the beginning of filling. It represents the smallest ventricular volume during the cardiac cycle.
The calculator uses the ESV formula:
Where:
Explanation: ESV is calculated by subtracting the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each beat) from the end-diastolic volume (the volume of blood in the ventricle just before contraction).
Details: ESV is an important parameter in assessing cardiac function. It helps determine ejection fraction, which is a key indicator of heart health. Increased ESV can indicate impaired ventricular function.
Tips: Enter EDV and SV values in mL. Both values must be positive numbers, and EDV should be greater than or equal to SV for a valid calculation.
Q1: What is a normal ESV value?
A: Normal ESV values vary but are typically around 25-35 mL for the left ventricle in a healthy adult. Values may differ based on age, sex, and body size.
Q2: How is ESV measured clinically?
A: ESV can be measured using echocardiography, cardiac MRI, or cardiac catheterization. These imaging techniques provide direct visualization of the heart chambers.
Q3: What does an increased ESV indicate?
A: An increased ESV often indicates reduced contractility of the heart muscle, which can be seen in conditions like heart failure, cardiomyopathy, or after a myocardial infarction.
Q4: How is ESV related to ejection fraction?
A: Ejection fraction (EF) is calculated as (EDV - ESV)/EDV × 100%. Thus, ESV is a crucial component in determining EF, which is a major indicator of cardiac function.
Q5: Can ESV change with exercise?
A: Yes, in a healthy heart, ESV typically decreases with exercise as the heart contracts more forcefully, ejecting a greater percentage of the blood in the ventricle.